Brave New World 4 Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Brave New World 4 Essay, Research Paper Brave New World Final 1. ) The Savage Reservation is similar to the Utopia universe in several ways. They both have drugs that are designed to quiet people down. Soma, used in the Utopia and mescal used in the Reservation. They both besides have a separation within their ain society. The Utopia has societal castes and the reserve has separation between the work forces and adult females, the work forces holding more power. The two universes besides both have ceremonials. The Utopia has the binge scup ceremonial in which everyone gathers around and has an binge, therefore the name. The Savage Reservation has traditional dancing ceremonials like the many traditional Indian folks have today. The two civilizations have many similar thoughts, merely expressed a small otherwise. These two societies besides have many different imposts, ways, and manners of life. The Brave New World is clean, healthful, and organized. We will write a custom essay sample on Brave New World 4 Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Where as in the reserve at that place s refuse every where, its dusty, and full of Canis familiariss and flies, the complete antonym. In the Utopia people aren t born any longer, they are grown. Another difference between the two universes is in the Reservation people are still born the old manner manner. In the Brave New World everyone is immature and pretty their whole lives thanks to chemicals and conditioning. It s the complete antonym in the barbarian reserve. As seen by the old adult male, it s shown that people in the Reservation age usually, free their dentitions, and acquire furrows. The reserve represents more of an old, more category clip period whereas the Utopia is possibly non to distant hereafter gone incorrect. In both societies, both of them still are imperfect but in wholly different ways. 2. ) When Linda was on the reserve she didn T seem to get by with it really good. She got fat, became an alky, and was merely a large muss. She hated how soiled the reserve was and how there was no easy accessible hot H2O so she could clean things. She hated the beastly clothes she had to have on alternatively of her old favorite apparels. Linda besides didn Ts like the fact that she has to repair her apparels alternatively of merely throwing them away when they got worn and so merely merely purchasing new apparels. She missed the haoma because merely mescal is available to her now, gives her a katzenjammer which she disliked. She hated how she got pregnant with John because she was taken off from everything she loved. She was forced so to acquire used to this wholly new life manner. Though she liked the mother-son relationship with toilet. When she comes back to the Utopia she took advantage of the Soma and went on a non-stop haoma trip. 3. ) John is an foreigner in the Reservation community. He was barred from get marrieding the Indian miss he loved and from being initiated into the folk like really other male child. He was denied the folk s community and individuality, which made him different and an foreigner. So alternatively he goes through the inductions rites of fasting and woolgathering on his ain to turn out to himself that he is a adult male. John besides didn Ts like work forces kiping with his female parent because it made him more of an castaway. Linda was kiping with everyone when she fist arrived she was punished and looked down upon by the folk. So John is looked down upon every bit good because when they see John they think Linda. When they think of her they see shame and shame. John has no existent topographic point in the reserve ; he s caught between the two universes and neither privation to accept him in as their ain. 4. ) John and Bernard portion some qualities and traits. They both feel different from everyone else ; they re castawaies in each of their ain universes. John is an castaway because of his female parent due to her different nature. Bernard is an castaway because he likes to be entirely, which no 1 understands and kind of understands beauty, which is another unknown construct to most of the Utopians. Both of them are diffident when it comes to adult females and they want more that merely to kip with adult females they want a existent relationship, which Lenina doesn T understand. The two, John and Bernard both are in love with Lenina and both feel that they aren t worthy of her. They besides both don T cognize how to show their feelings and ideas to Lenina really good. It takes Lenina a small piece before she catches on. John and Bernard are merely two alone culls looking for some compassion. John is besides rather different from Bernard. John is from an ugly, barbarian universe that is more true to nature than Bernard s is. Bernard is from a classy, civilised universe but has screwed around with nature possibly excessively much. Bernard is better educated than John is, but John has a better apprehension of Shakespeare than Bernard of all time could. This is because John gets the thought of household and love, holding a Linda and Pope, as a male parent figure. All Bernard wants is to suit in to society and be like everyone, which happens for awhile when he brings John to the Utopia. John on the other manus wants to distribute the truth to people and put things into what he sees every bit right into the society. So when he s speaking to the accountant, he tries converting him to alter the Utopia and to repair things to how they use to be. John is more wild and unsafe than Bernard, while Bernard is an easier traveling, romantic cat. 5. ) John uses Shakespeare to show feelings he doesn t cognize rather how to state, but even sometimes Shakespeare doesn T even have the right words. He uses Shakespeare to larn new constructs about life and human nature that he knows nil about and that s what involvements him into reading it. He uses Shakespeare as a mention for everything he feels. Even though he doesn t acquire the whole image that Shakespeare is stating, he understands that household is of import in 1s life and that s is one of his jobs he has with the Utopia. He understands the construct of love to a point and that s why he quotes Shakespeare to Lenina a twosome times, to demo his emotions. He talks about enduring to the Controller seeking to explicate how easy and apparent life is without enduring, how unreal it is and how you cant go on to larn without it. With enduring you can so understand true beauty. You can t larn from your errors and of all time germinate from them without the two. / gt ; 6. ) The Controller says faith is more for older people because one might desire to cognize why they exist and why they are here, but since no one gets old in the Utopia, it isn t an issue. He besides talks about how people merely tend to inquire about faith when they are entirely for self-reflecting. Thought since no 1 is entirely in the Brave New World any longer, or at least about neer this doesn T happen. He says that faith was good for people who needed hopes and dreams to put ends so that had something to actuate them and give them trust in difficult times. But now no 1 needs any of this since decease is non a fear thanks to decease conditioning and Soma. Peoples in the Utopia have everything they want they don t need any kind of motive and they aren t looking for any replies, so why would they need any faith? Mond believes that faith is for the weak and lame, for those who are looking for replies and need counsel. 7. ) The Controller says that truth and beauty go manus in manus. To hold beauty and art, you need truth. Without truth there is no apprehension of art, therefore no existent art can be produced. Art is seeking to demo or stand for human life and originative thoughts of an person. The art has a lesser of a significance because so many constructs have been taken off from the people. But in the Utopia there is no history to picture in art. They have no history, no existent hurting, and no thought what good art would be because everything is good already so there s nil bad to compare it to. How could anything stand out and be recognized if everything was so good. If every piece of art was every bit good as the Sistine Chapel, it wouldn t be particular so any longer and it would hold no value. 8. ) The Controller believes that Soma is necessary to maintain society together. He feels that it holds people together as a community and as a whole. He expresses that if somehow you of all time feel unpleasant in any manner, Soma is merely what you need. It s merely a perfect flight from world merely take a twosome of pills when of all time you feel like it and you won Ts suffer any side affects. The Controller felt that after a short Soma vacation, your choler is calmed and you are a better individual to the remainder of society now. In the yesteryear you could merely make these things by doing the attempt for several old ages of difficult moral preparation, and with rigorous faith. But now half your morality is now safely tucked into a Soma bottle. 9. ) John thought that decease conditioning was one of the most unmoral things about the Utopia. John felt that when a loved one is deceasing s/he should pass his or her leftover clip with loved 1s, but in this Brave New World no 1 is loved any longer. He hated the fact that there was no regard for the 1s who were deceasing. No 1 goes to see people while they are in their last hours or goes to demo their respects at a funeral or graveyard after one is gone, s/he is merely forgotten. John most likely feels like this because it reassures him to believe that he will be remembered after he s gone in the reserve and non merely forgotten in this universe. Which is what faith aid does for many today. It s merely normal human nature, unlike the Utopians. Peoples merely want to experience like they have a intent in life, its merely human nature. 10. ) John does what he does in the terminal out of confusion and choler. This Utopian society has anger him, confused him, and twisted his ideas around so much that he doesn T cognize what to believe. That s likely one of his grounds for traveling to the old beacon construction. He needed to acquire off from it all and to reflect on what s traveling on. Then when the media crowd gathers he acquire angry about what this universe has done to people, what it has done to Lenina particularly. All the choler plus the confusion of all the people around him he starts floging who is thought to be Lenina and starts a immense bash. Then after that he feels so ashamed about what he had done he couldn t unrecorded with himself any longer and committed self-destruction. He commits self-destruction for other grounds as good. He can t take the Utopian society any longer, its doggedness in non altering, and every bit good as being depressed without Lenina and his female parent. Excess Recognition: a. ) The construct of love merely exists in the Utopia over ownerships and their life, non over people. The Utopian s Don T understand what love is due to all the conditioning they have gone through as a kid and non holding any parents in their life. Lenina is a perfect illustration of this. She is baffled and scared of the love thought that John tries to show to her. All she understands from John is that he wants her, and so she confuses this with sex and gets herself in a large muss. There is one sort of love though that does be in the Utopia and that is the love over ownerships. Lenina for illustration loves her apparels and how she is a beta, but she has non emotional love over anyone. This goes for everyone in the Utopia. The lone manner this would alter in the Utopia is if they had any kind of household, like Linda did. Linda was possibly the lone Utopian that of all time experiences existent emotional love, which was towards toilet. This shows that love starts from household, so subsequently expressed into others like John to Lenina. B. ) History merely exists to the really few elite in the Utopia. The lone people who knew any history at all are Alphas, likely merely Alpha assets. All they would cognize though is that household s existed at one clip, with the whole female parent, male parent, and kid relationship. The lone people who would cognize any existent history would be the 10 universe accountants, like Mustapha Mond. The accountants know history likely for two grounds. One because its been passed down from accountant to controller throughout the coevalss. Second any good leader should be good educated in the humanistic disciplines and history, as Mustapha Mond is. To everyone else in the general Utopian public history has no function because it is bunk. It seems though that because history is non taught the Utopian civilisation doesn T better. The job with that is how do they know what they re making is the best manner to run things. And the Utopia already isn Ts perfect if there are people like Bernard a nd Linda. If you don t learn from your errors how do you acquire better. 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A Guide for Writing a Descriptive Essay Example + 40 Topics

A Guide for Writing a Descriptive Essay Example + 40 Topics A descriptive piece of writing is your chance to offer the reader see the picture with his own eyes.   Working on a descriptive essay example, you are going to provide your target audience with the perception through 5 senses. If you manage to do this the best way, your paper will be evaluated highly. If not, you are likely to get a low grade. Some students consider this piece of writing an interesting task to do. Others think it is much more difficult than any other written assignment. Are there any reasons to think so? Almost every day, you describe things with the aim to help other people imagine what you are talking about. Sometimes, listening to your description, the person understands what you mean from the 1st time. There are situations when it is extremely difficult to draw pictures using words. DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY WRITTEN BY PROFESSIONALS Not everyone has an ability to describe things in a bright clear manner.   This doesn't mean that you should just give up! No, never! This guide on how to compose a descriptive essay example will help you to learn writing basics. Follow the most effective tips for completing a paper that will 100% stand out! The Best Descriptive Essay Topics Collection Before you get started with the descriptive essay example writing, you should take several steps. The 1st one will be the selection of a topic. Choosing from descriptive essay topics, be guided by the rule to give preference to the topic you are familiar with and feel passionate about. It is very important for any type of paper, especially for this piece of writing. How can you describe the person you have never seen, the event you haven't attended, the phenomenon you haven't heard about? It is obvious that only being familiar with the main features and distinctive characteristics of the object/subject of your description, you'll be able to provide readers with a clear picture of this thing. Do you experience difficulties with the topic selection? Check descriptive essay topics and choose the one that sounds best. 10 Descriptive Essay Topics for Grade 8 Pick the topic you find the most interesting one: The portrait of my mother My best friend and me: common features we have The bird I like the most The perfect day of my life My favorite author My first school teacher How do I see my family dream house? What is my perfect weekend? What does the forest look like in winter? What makes my room unique? 10 Topics for Descriptive Essays High School Check a topics collection aimed at high-school students: What do I like/dislike in my appearance? Whom do you consider beautiful among celebrities? Describe the most interesting dream you have seen How should the best cup of coffee taste? Describe the best present in your life Do you believe that pets look similar to their owners? Describe your pet My room and the room of my sister/brother My father's character The smartphone of my dream Innovative characteristics of Apple gadget. 10 Descriptive Essay Topics for Middle School Check the collection of easy topics ideas: Which season do you consider best for traveling? What was your impression unwrapping birthday gifts? My favorite holiday celebration What kind of clothing style do you prefer? Describe the most beautiful sunset you have seen Which feelings does a person have going somewhere by plane? The prettiest girl/boy in my class The portrait of my grandparents My favorite food The best day of my life so far 10 Descriptive Essay Topics for College Have a look at descriptive essay topics that can be used by students studying at a college below: The mountain lake description How do you imagine the most romantic wedding day? Describe the feelings of a person who has fallen in love The person I love the most What kind of rest do I like? The worst summer holidays in my life Describe any labor activity Describe the process of writing a letter to a friend How do you choose gifts for your friends? Describe the process of work (your dad is repairing his car in the garage) The Best Tips on How to Write a Descriptive Essay Have you chosen the best topic? It is high time to learn how to structure this kind of paper the correct way. This genre doesn't differ much from other papers. Like any other one, it starts with an introduction, followed by the main body, and finally, there is the conclusion. Sure that this genre has its own distinctive features you should take into account. Don't you learn how to write a descriptive essay on A-grade? Check helpful tips for crafting a worthy descriptive paper that will impress your teacher. Offer the reader plunge into the world of your sensations. If two people are given a task to describe the same thing, they will do this differently. Every person perceives the world and everything that happens through his/her own vision. Being assigned to write a paper describing something, you should use a great opportunity to show how you see this/that object/person/event using the bright language rich in literary devices, which play a significant role in the reflecting atmosphere. Make your paper vivid. The key to success is to sound expressive. Your task is to help readers see the whole picture reading your paper. Words can work miracles being not less bright than a photograph. Help the reader understand the work’s purpose. Any paper topic has its purpose. The writer’s task is to provide readers with a clear understanding of what it is. Convey information following the outline. Making an outline is a must if you want to create a good work. A detailed plan will help not to miss any detail. Following the correct structure, there are all chances to craft a valuable piece of writing. If you aren't good at writing essays according to the structure, you are welcome to check how to write essay parts. Step by step, create a description that will sound real. ORDER YOUR DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY NOW The Introduction of a Descriptive Essay: How to Get Started? Some students spend hours brainstorming ideas on how to get started. Are you one of them? If you don't understand how to write a descriptive essay intro, start with a life story from your personal experience able to engage the reader. Your story should touch all 5 senses. Choose which one to start with. For example, describing a wedding day, start with the description of the atmosphere, music, decoration, etc. Make the reader guess what celebration it is. Creating intrigue works effectively. How to Craft a Powerful Descriptive Essay Thesis? A thesis statement is an obligatory part of your work. The purpose of this sentence is to introduce the key topic idea. The thesis should be clear and concise. It should be one informative paragraph.   Ã‚  Focus on the major idea, exclude everything that doesn't matter writing about the purpose and the way you are going to reach the goal. Tips on How to Write a Conclusion for a Descriptive Essay The end of the work should include the writer’s standpoint and the main points’ brief summary. Conclude the paper not leaving readers with questions left. Make it powerful because it has been proven that the reader's memory is organized in a way that implies he/she remembers the last words better than the main body’s information. Wonder how to write a descriptive essay conclusion? Check the example! Descriptive Essay Examples: Check the Correct One Before Getting Started! Is this the first time you need to craft a description? Check descriptive essay examples for you to understand how to do this the best way. Have a look at the example below. â€Å" The Woman I've Seen Once† Every day we see a lot of strangers passing them by without paying attention but that woman in the red dress stood out from the crowd. She was extremely beautiful. She knew about this and even felt proud of being like a model from the fashion magazine. She has long black hair, big black eyes that it was possible to dive into them and get lost forever like in the ocean. However, on their surface, I noticed waves of sorrow. The woman was standing silently.   The entire nature of hers was ready to scream from pain. Her eyes were full of tears looking at me - those were tears of sadness mixed with happiness. I wanted to come to her to ask what had happened. Unfortunately, something prevented me from this. I turned back, understood that she had disappeared. I did my best to find her seeing her nowhere. It was so strange because it seemed that her perfume was left in that park forever. I smelled it - it seemed so familiar to the one my mom had. She died when I was five. I wanted to find her seeing her in everyone. I will never forget the woman who looked so similar to my mom because she had such a sad face. I think that there are no meetings, which take place by chance. I am sure, that one has been planned by someone. Who was she? This has remained a secret. This doesn't matter because her appearance gave me a chance to see the image of my mom once again and feel her love wherever she is now†. A Descriptive Essay Outline Sample Depending on what you are going to write about, your outline will differ. Describe a person's appearance, an event, a process, a natural phenomenon, a picture, etc. In each case, the outline’s content will differ while the main structural elements we have already discussed above will remain. Check the descriptive essay outline sample that you can use describing a person. I. Introduction: The overall impression The features you have noticed 1st II.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Main Body: The description of the face/body parameters The description of the clothes The behavior of the person III.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conclusion: Does the character of the person suit the appearance? What kind of features helped to find out what kind of personality the person has? The personal observations Advice from an Expert on How to Write a Descriptive Essay Example Write your work only after checking successful descriptive essay examples. Keep in mind that to complete a good essay of this genre, you need to be very careful with details. Don't make a big mistake considering details not very important for the overall impression. If writing about the person, analyze both the appearance/character, find out what the face features, clothes can tell about the personality. Describing any person/animal/not alive object, remember that you should have a clear picture of the topic to impress the reader with your detailed story. Use senses to help the reader see, smell, taste, hear, touch what you are writing about. Prof. Mary K., online essay writer from EssayPro Our Professionals Craft the Perfect Essay Worth A+! Have checked the descriptive essay example being unsure you can write this type of work on A+? Our professionals with years of experience will give a helping hand! Share the topic/the teacher's guidelines and we will do our best to exceed his/her expectations. We have a team of reliable writers treating the process of crafting essays as an opportunity to realize their potential. Just contact us writing â€Å"Write my essay cheap†. You will be pleasantly surprised by affordable prices per page we offer our customers to pay for. Forget about sleepless nights/long working hours during the day! We are here to help 24/7! Our experts are always ready to offer necessary academic assistance with any kind of work, regardless of the difficulty level! Don't hesitate to use our services if getting a high score is of the utmost importance for you! We promise you'll never regret hiring one of our well-educated talented writers! Tell us your wish - we will tailor our service to your personal wants/needs!

How the Air Commerce Act of 1926 impacted airports designs Term Paper

How the Air Commerce Act of 1926 impacted airports designs - Term Paper Example Reshaping and improving the civilian air transportation has been one of the main focal points of all administrations and governments. Since the U.S. aviation was not properly developed in the early 19th century because there was no rule applying on who should fly the plane and who should guarantee the passengers’ safety, there was great need for the federal government to make such regulations that would best cater to the security requirements of the civilians in order to gain public’s trust. Thus, to build new safety standards and maintain them to the highest level, to reduce the risks of air accidents, and to bring the best out of the commercial aviation, there was need for some federal maneuver in this regard. Hence, an Act regarding aviation safety was passed on May 20, 1926. Signed by the then President of America, Calvin Coolidge, the Air Commerce Act of 1926 is regarded as the beginning of air aviation’s revolution and basically defines rules and regulations for the development of airmen, air craft, air traffic and navigational facilities. According to this Act, all aircraft should be properly checked and certified in order to be suitable for flight. Aircraft was required to be marked on the outside of their bodies so that they could be identified easily. It was the responsibility of the Department of Commerce’s Aeronautic Branch to have the airmen pass through formal physical tests and aeronautical knowledge tests so as to assess their skills. They were issued licenses. The Act emphasized that the federal government should take measures to build more airports according to the most modern designs. The federal government was also instructed through this Act to devise strategies regarding aircraft altitude separation. One main focal point o f this Act was to build and maintain new airways. Navigational facilities were also required to be improved which included, for example, the enhancement of aeronautical radio communication for improving air navigation. â€Å"Under this act, the government supplied money for air navigation facilities so that the routes would become safer to fly, day and night† (U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission, 2010). The Act put forward new and practical safety rules for passengers. Accidents were to be investigated properly and all evidences recorded. â€Å"The Civil Aeronautics Act of 1926, in both its content and enactment, was a triumph of Coolidge’s philosophy of government and his often-overlooked political skill†, says Charles Downs who is a career archivist with the National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, DC (2001). The Act made great beneficial impacts upon the airport design, development, operations, and funding sources. Initially there were man y extremists who criticized the bill but most people regarded it as a great benefit to American commercial aviation. The development of airports is a true example of government caring for its people’s safety. One one hand, it provided the federal government with power of making regulations; and on the other, it was practical enough to be applied in the aviation industry. The results made the United States recognize how much potential the aviation had which was going unused before the implementation of such regulations. The improved aviation operations enabled the aircraft to go on extended flights which it did not before this Act because there were more accidents in the early nineteenth century and no detailed investigation was performed. But after 1926, passengers felt comfortable enough to fly and the aviation became a flourishing source of journey and income. This development made the Post Office to invest in the aviation because it wanted larger planes now to carry more a irmail. The Act itself, its implementation and the results, all are very important if we look at it from an aviation manager’

Segmentation targeting positioning (STP) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Segmentation targeting positioning (STP) - Essay Example A company should consider that it is challenging to meet the needs of every customer. Therefore, it should fashion a product that may partly cover the needs of the customers if not all. It is somehow dodgy because many customers prefer goods or services that cover their needs wholly (Kotler, 2010). This might result in poor sales of the goods or services. Targeting markets is significant because the company is able to identify the information it had missed about the product. Through this, the company is able to identify would-be customers who would buy the product. The company is able to realize areas to improve on to realize more profit. According to Nykiel (2007), a company should guarantee that its product is distributed to places that it can endure competition. This can be achieved through intense thoughtfulness of the customers’ preferences. A company should consider that customers are influenced by different factors. There are those who are focused on taste and lifestyle while others observe their religious inclination. It is therefore indispensable for a company to choose places that will favor their products in terms of customers needs (Capon, 2009). For any company to survive antagonism in the market, it should consider apposite segmentation. This will guarantee that the company target all potential customers and maximize its proceeds. Although it is not possible to gather all the needs of every purchaser, the company should surface with strategies that will gratify the needs of every customer partly, if not

Lake Mungo (Australia) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Lake Mungo (Australia) - Term Paper Example Presently the main attraction of the Mungo National Park, Janesoceania.com described the landscape as being stark, silent, desolate and often eerie sand sparse only resurgent vegetation and the spiny hard pitted crinkled and fluted dunes and ridges can look like a moonscape. (Cited by K.K. Hirst, About.com) The lakes dried up around 14 000 years ago and are considered to be an extraordinarily rich source of fossils. The quality and quantity of evidence pertaining to the landforms, animal life and environmental conditions during the last ice age are of the highest calibre, in part due to the alkaline rather than acidic quality of the soils. Discovered in the 1960s, the site has been excavated by geomorphologists and archaeologists to establish both the chronological and geologic age and status of its deposits. The remains of extinct creatures such as; Tasmanian tigers, giant, short-faced kangaroos and a strange oxen-sized animal called a zygomaturus - have been found. Crucially, carbo n dating has indicated that Aborigines inhabited the area 40 000 years ago, making it the site of the oldest known human occupation in Australia. These inhabitants benefited from the lake significantly. Freshwater shellfish and other aquatic fauna inhabited the lake, and many large trees grew around its margins; outlines of their branching roots have been fossilized and preserved by calcium carbonate. Waves driven by the westerly wind created a crescent-shaped sandy beach (a lunette) on the eastern lee shore. This dune consists of the Zanci, Arumpo, Mungo and ‘golgol’ units, named after local pastoral properties.  Ã‚   Inhabitants gathered mussels, Murray cod and golden perch from the lake compared to wallabies, rat kangaroos and emu eggs that they collected from their surroundings. The diet of the hunter-gatherers at Lake Mungo was varied and rich in protein. They ate the western native cat, the brown-haired wallaby, the hairy-nosed wombat and various other small ani mals and bird. Remains of these creatures have been found in ancient fireplaces, together with numerous broken emu shells. Their presence indicates that people were camping at Lake Mungo in the spring, when emu eggs hatch. In the heat of summer, people would have stayed close to the plentiful fresh water and shellfish of the lakes. In the cooler winter, they probably spread out away from the lakes onto the arid plains and hunted land animals, thus conserving the lake's food supplies for the harsh summers. Such a pattern of exploitation and seasonal movement is characteristic of Aborigines in arid regions, and was observed in the Willandra Lakes region in the nineteenth century. (Janeoceania.com) The number, size and species of fish remains in sites have been identified by comparing their otoliths, or ear bones, with those of modern fish in the same region. Seventy per cent of fish caught in the Pleistocene Willandra Lakes were golden perch (Petroplites ambiguus). The large numbers o f perch at the sites, which dated between 22 000 and 26 000 BP and were each believed to result from a single event, from tightly restricted size ranges, which strongly suggests the use of gill nets at some sites and traps at others. Fishing with fixed gill nets is a highly selective process: it tends to catch fish of the same species and age. Nets were probably set at the time of a spring spawning run, when the fish migrate up the rivers in large numbers. Golden perch are difficult to catch

Integrated Occupational Therapy Practice Case Study

Integrated Occupational Therapy Practice Case Study Introduction This report will focus on the occupational therapy (OT) process for Meera (Appendix A), a 56-year-old woman with a left cerebral vascular accident (CVA). Stroke is the death of brain cells due to the lack of oxygen (Bartels et al. 2016).It can either present as haemorrhagic or ischaemic in nature. Risk factors of CVA include hypertension and hypercholesterolemia which Meera has. Stroke may lead to neurological, psychological, speech and musculoskeletal complications. Meeras symptoms of right hemiplegia, right sided neglect and speech difficulties can be attributed to the occlusion of her left middle cerebral artery (Mtui et al. 2016). A multidisciplinary inpatient stroke rehabilitation unit was involved with Meeras post-stroke rehabilitation. Stroke patients who underwent treatment inpatient stroke care were found to have improved independence (Stroke Unit Trialists Collaboration 2013). Treatment was aimed at managing vital problems through restorative and compensatory approaches in order to prepare her for discharge (Edmans 2010). Thus, this service was most appropriate for Meera due to her recent onset of stroke. The OT process was guided by recommendations from the College of Occupational Therapist, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)(2013) and Intercollegiate Stroke Working Party (ISWP)(2016)(Edmans 2010). Assessments and Problems Identified An initial assessment was gathered through an interview using the Kawa Model. It portrays a persons life as a river and various objects such as rocks, river banks and driftwood depict circumstances experienced by a person (Teoh and Iwama 2015). Younger stroke patients such as Meera may require services which cater particularly to their needs which most stroke units were found not to do so (ISWP 2016). As Kawa focuses on the view of the client, it allows the therapist to know what is important to Meera in order to formulate priorities for intervention. The assessment is shown below: Life flow and priorities (river) Past Medical History: Hypertension Hypercholesterolemia Roles and Occupations: Independent in self-care Proud Stay at home mother Took charge of matters at home such as: Cleaning Shopping Gardening Laundry Enjoys cooking for family Present Medical History: Stroke Roles and Occupations: Patient Needs assistance in most self-care tasks Loss of previous role and not engaging in occupations meaningful to her Future Meera felt afraid and pointless to talk about the future, worrying that she may have another stroke if she engaged in activity. Obstacle and Challenges (rocks) Occupational performance challenges: Right hemiplegia with increased spasticity in right arm and leg, causing difficulty in: Sitting Coordination of movement Tasks that require her hands due to being right handed Unable to feel sensations on right hand Feels she cannot remember things as easily and may not know the time and place she is at Right sided neglect with visual agnosia, resulting in difficulty : washing right side awareness of people approaching from affected side interacting with others Expressive dysphagia hinders communication with others. Feeling low mostly Feels useless Embarrassed that people are taking care of her Fatigues easily Concerns Family unable to function as she is unable to manage the household A burden to family, especially her husband who needs to manage the household together with the pressure at work now that she is in hospital Childrens studies and social life may be affected as they may be concerned about Meera and visiting her in hospital may affect their daily life Physical and Social Environment (river banks) Physical (Home) 3 room semi-detached Bathroom, toilet and bedroom on the upper storey Kitchen, combined living and dining room on ground floor Nearest bus stop and convenience store 10 minutes walk away Social Close knit family Meera usually supports family members as they will confide her during difficulties Looks forward to dinner every day where family will gather together Family is most vital source of support for Meera Frequent interaction with neighbours and will help each other with chores if needed Occasionally communicates with extended family overseas on phone Personal resources (driftwood) Personality Hardworking Afraid of trying new things Kind and caring Responsible With information from the initial assessment, the problem list was formulated in a client-centred manner (ISWP 2016). Stroke survivors felt more engaged in the therapeutic process when their perspectives were taken into account (Peoples et al. 2011). Interventions were based on Meeras perceived problems in order to increase her motivation in therapy which she lacked. However the Kawa model only shows the problems perceived by Meera but not the therapists views. In order to gather a clinical and therapeutic point of view, standardized assessments were conducted as well. The table below depicts the various assessment conducted, reasons for use, limitations and results. Assessment Reasons for use and limitations Results Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) (Fisher and Jones 2010) AMPS evaluates motor and processing skills of clients through observation of appropriate tasks (Fisher and Jones 2010). Self-care, specifically showering, dressing and cooking tasks which was important to Meera, were used to assess. This allowed the OT to break the tasks down and acknowledge the challenges Meera faced in order to formulate an appropriate intervention. AMPS was found to be valid, reliable and standardized among cultures but results has to be computer generated in order to be valid which may make the process tedious (Fisher and Jones 2010). Less than 1 for both motor (Moderate increase in physical effort) and process (Moderate inefficiency and disorganization) skills. Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) (Itzkovich et al. 2000) LOTCA evaluates the orientation, visual and spatial perception, visual-motor organization and thinking operations through the use of various activities included in the kit (Itzkovich et al. 2000). This allowed the OT to assess Meeras right sided neglect and to discover any underlying cognitive deficits. The LOTCA is reliable and valid for use in people with stroke but needed to be conducted in more than one sitting as assessments were long and tedious for Meera who experience fatigue (Katz et al. 2000). Meera was able to sequence tasks but was unable to complete tasks involving her right field of vision. She needed prompts to complete orientation tasks. Activities involving memory were also a challenge for her. Rivermead Motor Assessment (RMA) (Lincoln and Leadbitter 1979) The RMA consists of tests evaluating the gross, leg, trunk and arm function of a stroke patient (Lincoln and Leadbitter 1979). This was conducted together with the physiotherapist. The RMA allowed the team to know which movements Meera had difficulties in order to formulate appropriate interventions. This assessment was found to be reliable and valid but due to being strenuous and long, it had to be conducted in a few sessions due to Meera showing signs of fatigue (Kurtais 2009) Meera was not independent in transfers and mobility, she required assistance of one for transfers and used a wheelchair for mobility. She also had minimum trunk and leg control at her affected side and require assistance for movement. However, she is able to hold objects using her affected arm but cannot reach for an object far away due to scapular instability. Â  From these assessments, 3 problems Meera faced, in order of significance was developed: 1. Loss of independence in self-care affected Meera the most. From the assessments conducted, it was found that challenges in motor, cognition and perception affected her performance in self-care. Managing self-care would focus on these domains as well (NICE 2013). It was hoped that Meera would be more engaged in therapy by focusing on an issue she perceived as critical. This was evidenced by a study where patients were more motivated and engaged more in interventions when treatment was catered to their perceived needs (Combs et al. 2010). This would also help Meera to elevate her mood as low involvement in self-care was found to be a factor for post-stroke depression (Jiang et al. 2014). The psychologist in the team would be managing Meeras low mood as well (ISWP 2016). By working with Meera on her self-care would also remove some burden from Sanjay, who was assumed to be her main carer when she is discharged from hospital. 2. Problems with visual perception, specifically right side neglect and agnosia, were targeted as it was found to have an influence on self-care (Barker-Collo et. al 2010). This would help Meera in performing self-care tasks. Her visual deficits also affected her social life and transfers. Managing her perceptual problems would allow her to interact more with other patients in the ward which could provide her with social support. 3. Meeras motor challenges, specifically right side weakness and spasticity were addressed as it was one of the major challenges faced during self-care. It was hoped that through the management of motor deficits, Meera would increase her engagement in occupations. This would also have a positive effect for Meera in future as it was shown that physical function affected quality of life in stroke patients (Ellis et al. 2013). Motor challenges faced by Meera would be managed in conjunction with the physiotherapist (ISWP 2016). Skills in managing motor challenges can also be transferred to other aspects such as cooking and reinstating her role as a homemaker. Treatment Plan Client Aims: Meera wants to be more engaged in her personal care. Therapist Aims: To increase Meeras engagement in her self-care tasks. To manage Meeras right sided neglect and agnosia. To manage Meeras weakness and spasticity in her right arm, leg and trunk. Objectives: Meera should be able take charge of her own shower and dressing every morning for an hour, with assistance of one, in 4 weeks. Meera should be able to independently identify items required on her right field of vision for washing and dressing every morning in 4 weeks. Meera should be able to go from lying to sitting, and pivot transfer from bed to wheelchair as well as from wheelchair to shower chair, every morning with assistance of one in 4 weeks. Intervention Washing and dressing assessment was conducted through the use of AMPS. This allowed the OT to formulate an appropriate wash and dress plan for multi-disciplinary use through identified difficulties in motor and processing skills (Fisher and Jones 2010). Using a meaningful occupation as a basis for intervention was beneficial for Meera. This can be supported by a study where occupation based intervention was shown to be critical in improving occupational performance (Wolf et al. 2015). The intensity of the intervention would be higher than the recommended minimum frequency of 45 minutes, 5 days a week as it was included in Meeras daily routine (NICE 2013). The washing and dressing plan was adapted from Salisbury District Hospitals (2013) assessment form. The OT conducted the first session in order to teach Meera the relevant compensatory and visual scanning skills. Other sessions could be conducted by other staff with guidance from the plan. A further review after every few days would also be required in accordance to recommendations (ISWP 2016). Washing and dressing plan for Meera Transfers Bed Mobility: Meera is able to roll to her right side independently. She requires assistance from lying to sitting. Bed to wheelchair: Require assistance of one for pivot transfer Standing: Require assistance of one and grab rail in the bathroom Wheelchair to shower chair: Require assistance of one for pivot transfer Allow Meera to navigate to bathroom Washing Notes: Require the use of a shower chair in the shower Allow Meera to initiate and sequence task independently Only give Meera assistance when she asks for it Place items necessary for shower on Meeras right side If Meera seems to be searching for something, prompt her to look for it by turning her head Encourage use of right hand to wash herself Meera may require assistance to release her grip on objects Provide assistance if Meera feel fatigue Upper body: Meera is able to wash her right side independently Meera require assistance to wash above her elbows on her left side Assistance may be needed to wash hair and back thoroughly Lower Body: Meera should be able to wash her genitals and front upper thighs independently Assist Meera in standing with the grab rail with one person supporting at all times Another person will assist Meera in cleaning her bottom and her rear upper thigh Encourage Meera to wash her lower thighs but prevent her from falling from the shower chair Assist in cleaning the rest of the lower thighs Dressing Upper Body: Encourage Meera to put on the bra independently using the one arm method. Allow Meera to use the one hand method to wear her t-shirt. Prompt her by reminding her of the steps if she is struggling Lower Body: Meera requires assistance to put on her trousers while assisted in standing. Both the restorative and adaptive approach was used to guide the intervention. Restorative approach is grounded upon neuroplasticity where relearning takes place when new neural connections form in the brain during constant exposure to various stimulus (Gillen 2016). By practising various movements of her affected side during self-care, Meera should have a reduction in her impairments. This is supported by a study where patients who went through functional motor relearning therapy were found to have improved balance and performance in self-care (Chan et al. 2006). The compensatory approach is where tasks are modified to be easier for the clients to achieve (Edmans 2010). Even though this approach has been criticized for hindering motor recovery in people with stroke, it is still appropriate for Meera (Jones 2017). The compensatory method of using the one hand dressing method served as a feedback mechanism which could improve motivation as supported by Popovic et al. (2014). This would thus encourage Meera to engage in therapy. Risk Management Plan Meera might be fatigue and may not be able to do some of the tasks required. The staff in charge will assist when required and allow Meera to rest when needed. Due to the intimate nature of a wash and dress, Meera might feel embarrassed and down during the process. In order to preserve her dignity, sensitive areas would be covered whenever necessary and observation would be subtle. Environmental hazards would be checked before commencing any transfers or wash and dress in order to prevent falls. Relapse prevention In the hospital setting, encouragement for frequent engagement in occupation and usage of relevant motor and cognitive skills would prevent Meeras occupational performance from deteriorating (Brainin et al. 2015; Ullberg et al. 2015). According to NICE (2013), long-term health and social support should include education on symptoms and dysfunction relating to stroke, services available and participation in meaningful occupation. As such, Meera and her family would be briefed on these strategies. Outcome Measures Evaluation of treatment outcomes is important to conclude if the intervention was successful and used to change the treatment plan according (Mew and Ivey 2010). The outcomes were evaluated by using goals and comparing standardized assessment at baseline and outcome. Firstly, intervention was evaluated through the achievement of goals. Goal achievement was linked to client satisfaction and a significant client-centred outcome (Custer et al. 2013). Meera was able to achieve the objectives as expected. Secondly, the AMPS was conducted again, using the task of showering and dressing (Fisher and Jones 2010). Meera scored higher in these tasks but still required some assistance in achieving them. Thirdly, Meera improved on the LOTCA tasks which involved visual scanning, little to no improvement was seen on the orientation and memory tasks (Itzkovich et al. 2000). Lastly, the RMA was conducted again (Lincoln and Leadbitter 1979). Meera improved in the trunk, leg and upper limb function but there were still signs of weakness and instability involved. Further plans Other domains of concern would be managed as according to initial assessment and outcome measures. Further interventions would include management of cognitive function such as memory and orientation through cooking. Including Meera in a social group such as breakfast club in the ward would be beneficial to her as well (Venna et al. 2014). To prepare for discharge, Meera would be referred to the Early Supported Discharge team. The team would help Meera and her family by introducing appropriate adaptations at home and relevant education on stroke (ISWP 2016). A smooth transition from hospital to home was found to improve patients function in activities of daily living and service satisfaction (Fearon et al. 2012). This would thus be beneficial for both Meera and her family. References Bartels MN, Duffy CA and Beland HE (2016) Pathophysiology, Medical Management, and Acute Rehabilitation of Stroke Survivors IN: Gillen G (ed) Stroke Rehabilitation: A Function-Based Approach (4th Edition). Missouri: Elsevier 2-45 Brainin M, Tuomilehto J, Heiss WD, Bornstein NM, Bath PMW, Teuschi Y, Richard E, Guekht A and Quinn T (2015) Post-stroke cognitive decline: an update and perspectives for clinical research. European Journal of Neurology 22(2):299-e16 Chan DYL, Chan CCH and Au DKS (2006) Motor relearning programme for stroke patients: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation 30(3):191-200 Combs SA, Kelly SP, Barton R, Ivaska M and Nowak K (2010) Effects of an intensive, task-specific rehabilitation program for individuals with chronic stroke: A case series. Disability and Rehabilitation 32(8):669-678 Custer MG, Huebner RA, Freudenberger L, Nichols LR (2013) Client-chosen goals in occupational therapy: Strategy and instrument pilot. Occupational Therapy in Health Care 27(1):58-70 Edmans J (ed) (2010) Occupational Therapy and Stroke (2nd Edition). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell Ellis C, Grubaugh AL and Egede LE (2013) Factors associated with SF-12 physical and mental health quality of life scores in adults with stroke. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 22(4):309-317 Fearon P, Langhorne P and Early Supported Discharge Trailists (2012) Services for reducing duration of hospital care for acute stroke patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 7: CD000443 Fisher AG and Jones KB (2010) Assessment of Motor and Process Skills Vol. 1: Development, Standardization and Administration Manual (7th Edition). Fort Collins: Three Star Press Gillen G (2016) Stroke Rehabilitation: A Functional-Based Approach (4th Edition). Missouri: Elsevier Intercollegiate Stroke Working Party (2016) National Clinical Guideline for Stroke. Royal College of Physicians. Available from: https://www.strokeaudit.org/SupportFiles/Documents/Guidelines/2016-National-Clinical-Guideline-for-Stroke-5t-(1).aspx [Accessed 28 March 2016] Itzkovich M, Averbuch S, Elazar B and Katz N (2000) Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) Battery (2nd Edition). New Jersey: Maddak Inc. Jiang XG, Lin Y and Li YS (2014) Correlative study on risk factor of depression among acute stroke patients. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 18(9):1315-1323 Jones TA (2017) Motor compensation and its effects on neural reorganization after stroke. Nature Reviews Neuroscience doi:10.1038. Available from: https://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/vaop/ncurrent/pdf/nrn.2017.26.pdf [Accessed 28 March 2017] Katz N, Hartman-Maeir A, Ring H and Soroker N (2000) Relationships of cognitive performance and daily function of clients following right hemisphere stroke: Predictive and ecological validity of the LOTCA battery. Occupation, Participation and Health 20(1):3-17 Kurtais Y, Kucukdeveci A, Elhan A, Yilmaz A, Kalli T, Tur BS and Tennant A (2009) Psychometric properties of the Rivermead Motor Assessment: Its utility in stroke. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 41(13):1055-1061 Lincoln N and Leadbitter D (1979) Assessment of motor function in stroke patients. Physiotherapy 65(2): 48-51 Mew M and Ivey J (2010) The Occupational Therapy Process IN: Edmans J (ed) Occupational Therapy and Stroke (2nd Edition). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell 49-63 Mtui M, Gruener G and Docker P (2016) Fitzgeralds Clinical Neuroanatomy and Neuroscience (7th Edition). Philadelphia: Elsevier National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2013) Stroke Rehabilitation in Adults. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg162/resources/stroke-rehabilitation-in-adults-35109688408261 [Accessed 28 March 2016] Peoples H, Satink T and Steultjens (2011) Stroke surviors experiences of rehabilitation: A systematic review of qualitative studies. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy 18(3):163-171 Popovic MD, Kostic MD, Rodic SZ and Konstantinovic LM (2014) Feedback-mediated upper extremities exercise: Increasing patient motivation in poststroke rehabilitation. BioMed Research International 2014(2014): Article ID 520374. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/520374/ [Accessed 28 March 2017] Salisbury District Hospital (2013) Occupational Therapy Washing and Dressing Assessment. Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust. Available from: http://www.icid.salisbury.nhs.uk/ClinicalManagement/RecordsAndForms/Documents/12e3053a7be542cabff277c26634947aAcuteOTWashDressAssv1007091.doc [Accessed 28 March 2017] Stroke Unit Trialists Collaboration (2013). Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 9:CD000197 Toeh JY and Iwama MK (2015) The Kawa Model Made Easy: A Guide to Applying the Kawa Model in Occupational Therapy Practice (2nd Edition). Available from: http://www.kawamodel.com/download/KawaMadeEasy2015.pdf [Accessed 28 March 2017] Ullberg T, Zia E, Petersson J and Norrving B (2015) Changes in functional outcome over the first year after stroke: An observational study from the Swedish Stroke Register. Stroke 46(2):389-394 Venna VR, Xu Y, Doran SJ, Patrizz A and McCullough LD (2014) Social interaction plays a critical role in neurogenesis and recovery after stroke. Translational Psychiatry 4(1):e351 Appendix A Meera CVA Meera is a 56-year-old woman who was recently admitted with a left Cerebral Vascular Accident affecting the middle cerebral artery. She has a history of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. She was admitted via A E after being found by her husband. Her husband reports that she felt unwell and made her way upstairs to have a lie down. He went out to walk the dog and on his return found her on the floor in the bathroom. Meera presents with a right hemiplegia with increased spasticity in her right arm and leg. As a result, she has difficult with sitting balance and co-ordinating her movements in order to engage in activities such as washing and dressing. Meera also presents with right sided neglect, which results in her failing to identify objects on her right side, difficulty washing her right side and responding to others who approach her from her right. She has difficulty in articulating in a meaningful way to get her needs met and is very tearful. The Occupational Therapist under took an initial assessment with Meera, the report is detailed below. Initial assessment summary Meera appears low in mood and is reluctant to talk about the future. She is worried that she may have another stroke and consequently is reluctant to engage in activity. Meera is embarrassed that she needs help in personal activities of daily living and is reluctant to talk about activities that she finds difficult. Family Meera is married to Sanjay, a 58-year-old man who works as a plumber. They have two children, Anni aged 18 years who has just completed her A levels and will be attending a local university in one months time, and Sam aged 17 who is at secondary school. Social situation The family live in a privately owned three bedroomed semi-detached property in a small town. Sanjay describes Meera as a stay at home mum who prides herself on her family and her cookery skills. Posture Meera has a right- sided hemiplegia; her scapular is unstable and she finds it difficult to flex her arm above 90 degrees. Elbow extension is uncontrolled and there is stiffness in her forearm making supination difficult. She is able to grasp objects but finds release very difficult. Sensory assessment Meera has poor deep and light sensation in her right hand, which has a profound effect on a range of performance areas. Cognition and perception Meera has a right sided neglect which interfers with washing and dressing, and transfers. She also has difficulty socialising with other patients on the ward due to to this. Meera has some cognitive impairment which presents as poor memory and disorientation. These features are more prominent at the end of the day when Meera is tired. Mobility Meera currently uses a wheelchair but can manage a controlled transfer with one person assisting.

Organizational Behavior Essay -- Psychology, Emotional Intelligence

This paper will identify and examine the perspective of cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence which are considered to be important individual diversities in the field of organisational behaviour. The organization selected for this topic is, The Australian Hellenic Educational Progressive Association, commonly known as (AHEPA), the association was founded in Melbourne Australia in 1938; at that time the mission of AHEPA was to promote Hellenism, education, philanthropy, civic responsibility, family and individual Excellence. Originally the association was set up with a small group of Australian/Greek volunteers as a community based establishment to assist Greek immigrants in Australia experiencing language barriers, families with financial difficulties, finding homes, jobs, medical care and help the elderly, as former state secretary of the association I was able to experience the cognitive and emotional intelligence behaviours first hand. The General Structure of the "AHEPA Family" is composed of distinct groups, all of which work in harmony on a local, state and national level under its constitution and by-laws. They are; the Supreme Lodge (National body), Grand Lodges and District Lodge (State bodies). There are several committees within AHEPA who work in harmony to organise fundraising and community activities. The members of these committees work diligently to achieve their various goals for the betterment of the whole community. AHEPA is recognized as a non-profit charitable organization; this essentially means that any profits or surpluses the charity makes must be used to further its charitable purposes. Such profits or surpluses must not be distributed to owners, members or any other individual or group of i... ...n greater in today’s diverse working environments, neglecting emotional intelligence working in a small group can be devastating in the efficiency to the organisation, and these breakdowns can produce confusion, uncertainty hostility and reduce the required performance. The fear of change in any organisation is a major concern as at times management seeks for a quick fix instead of taking a more comprehensive and longer perspective, thus creating emotional uncertainty and mistrust. Given the facts and understandings of cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence are conceptualized, emotional intelligence can be rationally considered as a reasonable measure to which a person can apply rational judgment and reasoning and feelings to situations and responses in the organisation, it shows that emotional intelligence is a stronger predictor to a task performance.

The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 17

Micha I called my dad from the road and got his address. He tried to talk to me a little bit, but I hung up on him. Confronting him for bailing is not something I'm going to do over the phone. He lives about two hours away, which pisses me off. Two hours away and he hasn't stopped by once. When I pull up to his house, my hands nearly choke the life out of the steering wheel. He lives in a two-story white-brick mansion. The neighborhood is nice with gigantic houses and people walking their dogs along the sidewalk. There's no drug dealings going on, no fights, no junky cars parked in the front yard. I sit in my car staring at the red door with a big â€Å"Welcome† sign hanging on it. There are flowers around the front of the yard and the grass is green and cut. Is this why he left us? Because he wanted a fancier life. Why the fuck couldn't he do that with us? My phone beeps in my pocket and I turn it off. It's Ella and I can't talk to her right now. The front door opens and a man in his forties steps out onto the porch. His hair is the same color of blonde as mine, but thinner. He's wearing a black suit and looks like an arrogant prick. He scoops up the newspaper from the ground and squints at my car as he trots off the porch. I count to five in my head, force my hands away from the steering wheel, and get out of the car. He recognizes me immediately and his face drains of color. â€Å"Micha?† He tucks the newspaper under his arm. â€Å"Is that you?† I take another deep breath and walk across the front lawn. â€Å"I don't even know why I'm here.† â€Å"Why don't you come inside so we can talk?† he suggests. I follow him into the house that's even nicer on the inside; hardwood floors, a massive chandelier, and freshly painted walls with family pictures on them. â€Å"You have a family?† He tosses the newspaper onto a table and motions for me to have a seat in the living room. â€Å"Yeah, a daughter that's twelve and a son that's eight.† Feeling awkward, I sit down in a chair that's decorated with frilly pillows. He seats himself across from me, seeming like he has no idea what to do or say next. â€Å"So how have you been?† â€Å"Super.† There's a large portrait on the wall taken in a church of him and his wife on their wedding day and I stare at it, doing the math. â€Å"How long have you been remarried?† He fidgets uncomfortably as he leans back in the chair and stations his foot onto his knee. â€Å"Micha, look I'd rather not get into this.† â€Å"What did you do? Like run out on us and marry the first person you came across?† Anger burns in my voice. He looks away toward the window and I get it. â€Å"You were seeing her while you were still with mom, weren't you?† He makes eye contact with me again, with eyes exactly like mine. â€Å"Look Micha, there were things going on between your mother and I that you don't understand†¦ I wasn't happy.† â€Å"There were things going on between you and me, too,† I snap. â€Å"So what's your excuse for that one?† He rubs a hand across his face and lets out an exhausted sigh. â€Å"I'm sorry.† I clench my hands into fists, fighting the urge to jump off the couch and strangle him. â€Å"You're sorry? Great answer, asshole.† He snatches a manila folder out of the drawer of the end table and slams it down on the coffee table between us. â€Å"Your grandfather left you some money in his will.† My eyes flash from the folder to my father. â€Å"Is that why you brought me here?† He opens the folder and takes a small stack of papers out. â€Å"I thought maybe you could use it to go to college or something. That would be nice, wouldn't it?† Shaking my head, I get to my feet. â€Å"I'm not going to college and you'd understand that if you knew me past the age of six.† He slides the papers across the table and sets a pen next to them. â€Å"Please just take the money, Micha. I want to know that you're taken care of otherwise it'll haunt me.† I pause. â€Å"Are you planning on ever seeing me again?† His silence gives me the only answer I need. â€Å"I don't want your God damn money.† I throw the papers at him and storm for the front door. â€Å"Give it to one of your real kids.† He doesn't call after me when I stomp out the door and he doesn't chase me down. I march straight for my car, getting more furious with each step, and I slam my fist into the driver's side window. It doesn't break, but a couple of my knuckles pop. â€Å"Fuck!† I shout, clutching my hand and the old lady across the street, who's working in her garden, scurries inside her mansion. I jump in my car and speed off down the road with no idea where the hell I'm going.

The issue of Native Sovereignty essays

The issue of Native Sovereignty essays In the following assignment, I will discuss the issue of native sovereignty in Canada, and address the question; Can native sovereignty coexist with Canadian sovereignty? To answer this question I will summarize two articles that discuss the issue. The first by John A. Olthius and Roger Townshend entitled The Case for Native Sovereignty, and the second, by Thomas Flanagan, entitled Native Sovereignty: Does Anyone Really want an Aboriginal Archipelago? I will be taking the position against the coexistence of native sovereignty with Canadian sovereignty. These two articles will help me support my position on the issue. Olthius and Townshend are in favour of native sovereignty within Canada based on historical and moral grounds. These authors believe there is a difference in perceptions between native and non-native Canadians regarding the jurisdiction over Canadian territory. In their essay, they write that Aboriginal people believe the Canadian state is oppressive and usurps the powers of Aboriginal people, while most non-aboriginals would be unlikely to question the status of the Canadian state. The essay contends that before European settlement, First Nations people had stability in their economic and political structures. Although their style was different than that of European nations, there was recognition of sovereignty of aboriginal lands. Acquisition of land in Canada did not come from conquest; rather it came primarily in the form of land transaction treaties. However, the treaties did little to support the claim of Canadian sovereignty since they are mostly unclear about issues of jurisdiction. A secondary way of claiming land for European settlement was through discovery of vacant land, but in doing so, aboriginal people on these lands, were to be considered non-persons to make the claims valid. Olthius and Townshend point out that once Europeans were firmly settled in...

Hospitality Industry in Australia Accor and the Intercontinental Hotels Group

Hospitality Industry in Australia Accor and the Intercontinental Hotels Group Introduction In Australia, the hospitality industry is one of the most developed industries which is characterised by the significant economic progress and revenues and by the close connection with the international market, depending on its trends. Travel, tourism, and hospitality industries are associated, and there are a lot of factors which affect the companies’ development within this economic and market sector1.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Hospitality Industry in Australia: Accor and the Intercontinental Hotels Group specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most influential companies which operate within the industry in Australia are Accor and the Intercontinental Hotels Group (IHG) which are also competitors at the international arena. To analyse the particular features of the companies’ strategic development and compare and contrast their strong and weak qualities, it is necessary to pay attenti on to the major factors which affect the companies’ strategic direction and their openness to innovations in order to predict the companies’ possible successes in the future. The Particular Features of Accor’s Strategic Direction Accor is one of the most largest and developed hotel groups in Australia. The hotel group includes more than 150 hotels of different brands which levels respond to the needs of all the demographic categories. The most popular hotel brands belonging to Accor are Sofitel, MGallery, and All Seasons2. To preserve the leader positions within the market, Accor should operate the effective strategy3. It is possible to focus on the role of workforce for the company’s development. Managers of Accor state that to compete within the industry, it is important to provide the high-quality services based on the top-class employees. From this point, one of the main strengths of the company is the highly-skilled workforce (Appendix 2). However, to achieve the greater results in this field, it is important to improve the workforce planning in order to provide the necessary services. The next point is the value-creating asset management to improve the company’s performance within the market. Today, the company intends to expand its impact, and it develops strategies to operate within the larger market segment. Thus, according to PESTELDI Analysis, the accents are made on such macro-environment factors as economy, social and cultural aspects, and technology. The presence within the market is strengthened with references to adapting to the industry policies and responding to the unemployment rates with creating new workplaces, building new hotels (Appendix 1). Accor has also implemented the effective strategy to attract more franchisees and investors basing on modernisation of brands4.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Le arn More Factors Driving and Limiting Innovation in Relation Accor Much attention is paid to modernising the companies’ brands meeting the globalisation trends and improving the technologies available for customers. Moreover, the driving forces of Accor are the focus on innovation in technologies with references to using modern web-based central booking system, providing the high-level connectivity. The developed hotel network is important to control the whole system and guarantee the connection between the sectors (Appendix 3). IHG Strategic Development Hotel industry is the globalised industry that is why the most successful companies-representatives of the sector in Australia are those ones which operate successfully within the global or international market, and IHG is one of such companies5. The company focuses on the economic and social challenges providing the workplaces for Aboriginal people in Australia and participating in the programs to reduce the levels o f unemployment. To provide the high-quality services, the company emphasises the creation of necessary conditions for employees who receive needed training and additional education6. The focus on environmental issues and the question of sustainability are the strong features of the company operating globally and following the global tendencies to meet the environment’s needs (Appendix 1)7. In spite of the focus on the multi-brand system and strategy, the concentration on the luxury hotels is one of the company’s weaknesses, and it prevents it from attracting more customers from different social categories8. The company is successful in focusing on the sustainability and responding to the social and economic needs while concentrating on the issue of responsibility. IHG and Innovation within the Market The factors which drive innovation and improvement of the company are accents on low cost of operations provided and on the effective employee management. Moreover, the co mpany uses the modernised and extensive database basing on the quality IT management to respond to the global trends9. Nevertheless, there are factors which can be discussed as limiting the implementation of the innovation technologies by the company. The problem is in the fact the company uses rather general business and strategic models which can be not effective for implementing in all the IHC hotels over the world10.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Hospitality Industry in Australia: Accor and the Intercontinental Hotels Group specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Australian hospitality industry develops intensively, and it is highly competitive that is why it is necessary to pay more attention to the usage of the innovative technological devices to meet the customers’ needs (Appendix 2, 3). From this point, the strategy followed by Accor is more effective. Recommendations The success of the strategy used by Accor should be based not only responding to the global tendencies and customers’ expectations but also on the greater flexibility in relation to financial questions and investement; The Intercontinental Hotels Group should concentrate more on the implementing on the innovation technologies to attract more customers and satisfy their needs; It is important to develop the Intercontinental Hotels Group and improve the strategy, paying more attention to brands for all the social categories without focusing on luxury hotels11. Conclusion Paying attention to the analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the strategic management and focus on innovation in relation to the Australian most successful companies Accor and the Intercontinental Hotels Group which operate in the hospitality industry, it is possible to state that Accor will develop more effectively within the market because of the successfully set priorities. Thus, the company focuses on the brand performance using the results of the technological development and contributes to the progress of the most attractive brands. Furthermore, the company regularly generates high revenues with references to the investors’ loyalty. The company focuses on the effective organisation and high-quality services. However, these points are also typical for the Intercontinental Hotels Group, and the leader position of Accor in the future should be based on emphasising the role of the market scale and profitable growth within the industry. Thus, Accor is more adaptive to operate in the modern environment and succeed in relation to the future changes of the market. Appendices Appendix 1 PESTELDI Analysis Factors Accor Intercontinental Hotels Group Political Focus on following the industry policies carefully The dependence on the industry regulations Economic the creation of more workplaces, responding to the unemployment rates Focus on tax rates to develop the strategy to work with investors Social/Cultural the multi-brand system provides services for all the social categories luxury focus, the lack of the brand’s development for all the social categories; the concentration of the Aboriginal issues. Technology focus on innovation focus on tradition combined with using technologies Environment sustainable usage of energy resources focus on sustainability and environmental protection Legal professional liability and focus on the principles of the corporate ethics Demographic workforce (men and women, age 21-38) International there is the threat of emerging markets and competitors’ progress at the global arena Appendix 2 SWOT Analysis Accor Intercontinental Hotels Group Strengths the highly-skilled workforce; the improved workforce planning; the value-creating asset management. Weaknesses lack of flexibility Strengths management focuses on developing the most strategic and successful hotels; employee performance. Weakness es lack of innovation; luxury focus. Opportunities modernisation of the multi-brand company Threats the decrease in the company’s popularity among customers Opportunities the intensive product and service growth Threats ineffective competition within the market Appendix 3 Porter’s Five Forces Accor Intercontinental Hotels Group Bargaining Power of Customers Strong. There are a lot of alternatives within the market Bargaining Power of Suppliers Rather low. The dependence is observed in relation to property owners Low. There is weak dependence on suppliers Threat of New Entrants Low. There are high fixed costs Threat of Substitute Products Rather high. The threat is different in relation to the services and products provided because of the multi-service character of the companies Competitive Rivalry within the Industry High. The market is mature High. The necessity to find the balance between price and quality Bibliography Accor Brands, 201 3, retrieved accor.com/en/brands.html. Challenges in hospitality industry, 2010, retrieved goldcoastbusinessnews.com.au/article2212/CHALLENGES%20AHEAD%20. Cole, G, Strategic management, Cengage Learning EMEA, Australia, 2003.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hubbard, G Beamish, P, Strategic Management: Thinking, Analysis and Action, Pearson Education, Frenchs Forest, NSW, 2010. IHC: Corporate Responsibility Report, 2013, retrieved ihgplc.com/index.asp?pageid=762. Intercontinental Hotels Group, 2011, retrieved ihgplc.com/files/pdf/ihg_australian_reconciliation_action_plan.pdf. Intercontinental Hotels Group: Case Study, 2010, retrieved marketingweek.co.uk/case-study-intercontinental-hotels-group-ihg/3020949.article. Sadler, P, Strategic management, Kogan Page Publishers, UK, 2003. Trott, P, Innovation Management and New Product Development, Prentice Hall, England, 2008. Thompson, G, Strategic management, Cengage Learning EMEA, Australia, 2010. Footnotes 1 G Hubbard P Beamish, Strategic Management: Thinking, Analysis and Action, Pearson Education, Frenchs Forest, NSW, 2010. 2 Accor Brands, 2013, retrieved accor.com/en/brands.html. 3 Challenges in hospitality industry, 2010, retrieved goldcoastbusinessnews.com.au/article2212/CHALLENGES%20 AHEAD%20. 4 Accor Brands, 2013. 5 IHC: Corporate Responsibility Report, 2013, retrieved ihgplc.com/index.asp?pageid=762. 6 G Cole, Strategic management, Cengage Learning EMEA, Australia, 2003. 7 P Sadler, Strategic management, Kogan Page Publishers, UK, 2003. 8 Intercontinental Hotels Group, 2011, retrieved ihgplc.com/files/pdf/ihg_australian_reconciliation_action_plan.pdf. 9 G Thompson, Strategic management, Cengage Learning EMEA, Australia, 2010. 10 Intercontinental Hotels Group: Case Study, 2010, retrieved marketingweek.co.uk/case-study-intercontinental-hotels-group-ihg/3020949.article. 11 P Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development, Prentice Hall, England, 2008.

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